Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

HPV infection has also been associated with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a precancerous condition that may progress to vulval cancer. A small randomized trial in 12 women with VIN found that supplementation with 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day of I3C for six months improved overall symptoms, as well as lesion size and appearance. Additional trials are necessary to determine whether I3C might be an effective treatment for VIN.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease of children and adults, characterized by generally benign growths (papillomas) in the respiratory tract, which are caused by HPV infection. These papillomas occur most commonly on or around the vocal cords in the larynx (voice box), but they may also affect the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The most common treatment for RRP is surgical removal of the papillomas. Since papillomas often recur, adjunct treatments may be used to help prevent or reduce recurrences. In immune-compromised mice transplanted with HPV-infected laryngeal tissue, only 25% of the mice fed I3C developed laryngeal papillomas compared to 100% of the control mice. In a small observational study of RRP patients, increased ratios of urinary 2HE1:16HE1 resulting from increased cruciferous vegetable consumption were associated with less severe RRP. In an uncontrolled pilot study, the effect of daily I3C supplementation (400 mg/day for adults and 10 mg/kg daily for children) on papilloma recurrence has been examined in RRP patients. Over a five-year follow-up period, 11 of the original 49 patients experienced no recurrence, 10 experienced a reduction in the rate of recurrence, 12 experienced no improvement, and 12 were lost to follow-up. I3C given for 6 months to 3 years to five children with an aggressive form of the disease halted the growth of the papillomas in three children after two years of treatment. In some patients, I3C may be an effective adjunct treatment to reduce the growth or recurrence of respiratory papillomas.

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation that may result in damage to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, or brain. Estrogen is thought to play a role in the pathology of SLE because the disorder is much more common in women than men, and its onset is most common during the reproductive years when endogenous estrogen levels are highest. The potential for I3C supplementation to shift endogenous estrogen metabolism toward the less estrogenic metabolite 2HE1, and away from the highly estrogenic metabolite 16HE1 (see Anti-estrogenic activities), led to interest in its use in SLE. In an animal model of SLE, I3C feeding decreased the severity of kidney disease and prolonged survival. A small uncontrolled trial of I3C supplementation (375 mg/day) in female SLE patients found that I3C supplementation increased urinary 2HE1:16HE1 ratios, but the trial found no significant change in SLE symptoms after three months. Controlled clinical trials are needed to determine whether I3C supplementation could have beneficial effects in SLE patients.

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