Pterostilbene is a methylated stilbene molecule, which has structural similarity with resveratrol. The only difference is that two methoxyl groups on pterostilbene molecule replace hydroxyl groups on resveratrol molecule. Although most of the effects of the two drugs are comparable, oral intake of Radix pterostilbene seems to be better absorbed, and may be more effective antioxidants and anti-cancer molecules.

Low doses of pterostilbene (usually 10 mg or less for humans) seem to have cognitive benefits and are considered to be one of the bioactive components of blueberries (along with anthocyanin content). Higher doses may not have the neurological effects described, but higher doses of it (usually in the range of 250-500 mg) seem to be beneficial in reducing cholesterol and glucose in research animals. Reduction of blood sugar and improvement of insulin sensitivity are very effective, and some studies have pointed out that it is comparable to metformin as a reference drug.

Twice daily supplements of 125 mg of pterostilbene seem to reduce blood pressure (diastolic and systolic) in adults with high cholesterol.

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